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Lamp Bulb

Oscar — Wed, 09 Feb 2011 05:26:42 +0000

Account limit of 2000 requests per hour exceeded.

Lamp Bulb

Switching to Low Energy GLS Household Lamps

General Lighting Service or GLS light bulbs / lamps are generally the ones that have the classic, familiar, household incandescent Light Bulb shape – it’s likely that you have traditional incandescent bulbs in your main household light fittings e.g. 60w, 100w , that have this traditional bulb/ globe shape. The new EU Regulations that are now in force to stop the manufacture, sale and use of these bulbs obviously means that you will need to find alternatives.

Low energy GLS lamps / bulbs look similar, but as the name suggests, there are obvious potential benefits to using these instead. Available in bases to compliment your existing fittings (Bayonet Cap and Edison Screw for example), these energy saving versions could save £100 each over their lifetime when compared to the traditional incandescent equivalent. The main reasons for this are:

Using less energy to produce equivalent light i.e. a 13w low energy GLS energy saver lamp / bulb can replace 60w incandescent bulb, and a 20w low energy saver GLS lamp / bulb can replace a 100w incandescent bulb.
Having a longer life span. Whereas a traditional incandescent bulb may last 1000 hours, a low energy / energy saving equivalent could last 8000 hours. The lower operating voltage (mentioned in the point above) helps to prolong the life of the bulb / lamp.

In essence then the cost of producing the light is going to be minimal over time, and when you look at it this will more than offset the higher (compared to incandescent) purchase price of energy saving / low energy bulbs / lamps.

Halogen GLS bulbs are available, and these require higher operating wattages, but still offer a significant saving in operation. There is also experimental work being undertaken by some of the large lamp / bulb companies to make more efficient incandescent bulbs and lamps in the U.S. but by 2012, the last of the incandescent bulbs will have been phased out in this country.

About the Author

Art Icklewright is an author specialising in lighting and light bulbs of all kind including low energy light bulbs, energy saving light bulbs and G9 bulbs.

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Light Bulb

Oscar — Mon, 27 Dec 2010 16:23:28 +0000

Account limit of 2000 requests per hour exceeded.

Light Bulb

A short history of the light bulb

The electric light bulb is one the most abiding symbols of technical advancement. From its early conception at the turn of the 19th century to the present day where the image of the light bulb is still used to represent the notion of a good idea, the design of the light bulb has changed relatively little. However, with efficiency requirements and customer tastes becoming more advanced lighting technology is once again changing rapidly. In this article I will chart the progress of the light bulb, starting with the earliest experiments with platinum filaments to today’s most advanced LED bulbs.

One of the most consistent and interesting themes in this subject area is the aversion to change that inventors and innovators contend with at each new technological advancement. This point can be illustrated with the candle light bulb; the bulb was designed to replicate the aesthetics of a candle in fittings such as chandeliers (the earliest chandeliers were purely functioning as a way of increasing the light output from candles). The candle shaped bulb is now one of the most popular CFL styles due to the potential cost savings from multiple bulb fittings.

When discussing the incandescent lamp one name features more prolifically than any other, Thomas Edison. Historians Robert Friedel and Paul Israel named over twenty inventors of the light bulb before Edison, however they concluded that Edison’s design surpassed earlier attempts because of effective incandescent material, a higher vacuum and higher resistance making the bulb easy to power and therefore economically viable.

Thomas Hughes ascribed the success of Edison’s design to the fact he had invented an entire lighting system, ‘other inventors with generators and incandescent lamps, and comparable ingenuity and excellence, have long been forgotten because their creators did not preside over their introduction in a system of lighting’ (Hughes).

The first incandescent light was created by Humphry Davy in 1802, 45 years before Edison was born, by passing an electric current through a thin strip of platinum, chosen for its high melting point. The light produced was not bright enough nor did it last long enough to be practical.

James Lindley took up the baton in 1835 demonstrating his electric light at a public meeting; however he then turned his attention to other fields leaving the way clear for Walter De la Rue. In 1840 De la Rue passed an electrical current through a coiled platinum filament- enclosed in a vacuum. The theory being that an evacuated bulb would contain fewer gas molecules to react with the platinum, thus prolonging its illumination time. This was a significant advancement; however the use of platinum made the design unfeasible for commercial use.

In 1858 Joseph Wilson Swan began working with carbonised paper filaments but was hindered by the lack of a good vacuum until he teamed up with Charles Stearn, an expert on vacuum pumps. Swan then turned his attention to efficiency, producing better carbon filaments, and in 1880 he began installing light bulbs in his home in Gateshead, England.

Thomas Edison began research into the incandescent lamp in 1878, settling on the carbon filament. His first test in 1879 lasted for 13.5 hours, however several months later Edison discovered that a carbonised bamboo filament could last for over 1200 hours.

Meanwhile in the U.S Hiram S. Maxim started his United States Electric Lighting Company becoming the second man, after Edison, to install incandescent lamps at the Mercantile Safe Deposit Company in New York City. Edison and Swan joined forces to form Ediswan (later to become Thorn lighting), and eventually Edison acquired all of Swan’s interests in the company.

Advancements continued and in 1910 William David Coolidge invented a method of making tungsten filaments more efficient, making the light bulb even more cost effective.

From 1913 to 1930 innovators turned their attentions to the use of inert gases in the bulb to improve efficiency further. In 1930, Imre Brody settled on a mix of krypton and xenon and to reduce costs, also developed a method of capturing krypton from air at his factory in Ajka, Hungary.

The latest significant development in the lighting sector has been the introduction of ‘energy saving’ light bulbs or compact florescent light bulbs (CFLs). Although they are considered a relatively modern invention CFLs were first conceived by Pete Cooper in the late 1980s and were originally used in the photography industry. The first practical florescent lamp was designed by George Inman from General Electric and became the blueprint for the modern CFL invented by Ed Hammer and General Electric in response to the 1973 oil crisis. Although the design met all of its requirements, it was never mass manufactured due to the cost of mass production, however the design was subsequently leaked and copied.

The steady increase in CFL production continues to this day but with the phasing out of inefficient incandescent bulbs, consumption is expected to increase more sharply. By September 2012 no incandescent bulbs will be available reducing carbon emissions and consumer energy costs.

So what is the future of electric lighting? Many people believe that the answer lies with LED bulbs. Originally used in devices such as alpha numerical displays and pocket calculators the LEDs have recently seen successful application in commercial and domestic lighting. LEDs can last for up to 50,000 times as long as incandescent bulbs and the most advanced bulbs can produce a high light output while consuming a fraction of the energy. Although the initial cost of the lighting is high, the bulbs will more than pay for themselves in their lifetime. LED bulbs have a fast on/off time and can withstand a high frequency of cycling making them ideal for car headlights, theatrical spotlights, traffic lights and dynamic road signs as well as household and domestic lighting.

It is clear that lighting technology has come a long way since Edison’s first experiments and the contact we have with lighting everyday encourages advancements to continue.

Please visit Greenhouse Organisation for all your energy saving light bulbs.

About the Author

Greenhouse Organisation is a web-based business selling Energy Saving Light Bulbs. We stock traditional bulbs for all your household light fittings including candle bulbs, dimmable bulbs, spotlights, and the latest LED lamps. Use our Energy Saving Calculator to see how much you can slash your energy bills by. We ship Energy Efficient Light Bulbs across the UK.

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Light Bulbs

Oscar — Fri, 10 Dec 2010 17:41:00 +0000

Account limit of 2000 requests per hour exceeded.

Light Bulbs

Hate Energy Saving Light Bulbs? Heres A Bright Idea..

When it was announced in January last year that the European Union was banning incandescent light bulbs – the ones we’ve traditionally been used to – a lot of people in Britain were hopping mad (please note I resisted the temptation to say ‘incandescent with rage’). They didn’t like those new fangled compact fluorescent (CFL) energy saving light bulbs, not least because it was someone in Brussels trying to shove them down our throats, screw them in place and light up our mouths with them! (Not literally of course). But for one thing, they come in funny shapes that stick out of the top of lamp shades, and they don’t shine as brightly as proper light bulbs, and they have to warm up before they get to full brightness – surely that’s a step in the wrong direction!

All this fuss led to a Light Bulb buying frenzy, with people stocking up on traditional light bulbs, and the Daily Mail newspaper even giving away 25,000 incandescent light bulbs to its readers! But despite all this commotion, energy saving light bulbs were here to stay, so thank goodness someone took up the challenge to make them better! Witnessing the outrage felt by the people of Britain at being force fed oddly shaped bulbs (not literally), the nice people at Ledon had a bright idea, a light bulb moment you might say (groan). And so they set out to replace the CFL energy saving light bulbs with something better, which is why they created… fanfare moment… the LED light bulb.

Not only are Ledon LED bulbs shaped like, well, like light bulbs, they whack out their full brightness the instant they are switched on – so at least we are back to where we started! But then there’s a whole bunch of other reasons to think LED bulbs are the bees knees. They are far more efficient than long life incandescent bulbs, at least 85 per cent more in fact. You can expect an average lifespan of 25,000 hours for LED light bulbs. That means that with typical usage your LED light bulb could have a lifespan of 25 years! It would last nearly three years without ever turning it off, if you are so inclined, although switching it on and off does nothing to shorten the lifespan of this amazing bulb. They also use five times less energy than the old bulbs!

LED light bulbs are also much more efficient than those CFL energy saving light bulbs everyone hates. While a CFL bulb might last 8-15 times longer than an incandescent bulb, its lifespan will be significantly shortened if it is switched on and off regularly. In comparison, an LED bulb can be switched on and off as often as you like, and it will still last 20 times as long as a traditional bulb. CFL bulbs contain mercury, which is bad for us and makes disposal more difficult, but LED light bulbs contain nothing but goodness and light, errr, probably. OK, the science part isn’t important, but they certainly don’t have anything nasty in them, and you won’t have to worry about disposal anyway because they will probably last longer than you do. Light quality is as good as traditional incandescent bulbs, and there are no health issues associated with LED bulbs, unlike CFLs which have been known to cause adverse affects on people with epilepsy, migraine sufferers, people with lupus and even autism. So the basic message is this – the only bright thing to do is get LED light bulbs in your home.

About the Author

www.householdinnovations.co.uk

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White Led

Oscar — Sat, 07 Aug 2010 21:15:14 +0000

Account limit of 2000 requests per hour exceeded.

White Led

LED Lighting - Enlightening the World

Light Emitting Diode, which is conveniently called as LED lights in electronic term is a semi conductor light that emits light as soon as an electric current is applied to it. They are extensively used as indicator lights on electronic devices and also in higher power applications as in case of flashlights and area lighting. As per the technological methodology, an LED is a light source which can be infrared, visible or ultra violet. The color is determined by the composition and condition of the semi conducting material used. Discovered in the year 1907 by H.J Round, a British experimenter, earlier these bulbs were used as replacements for incandescent indicators only.

Methodology

The white color of the LED bulbs come from a narrow band blue that is emitted naturally by GaN LEDs. The yellow on the other hand is generated by a phosphor coating on the die which absorbs a proportion of the blue and converts it to yellow. These GaN die are able to produce operational wavelengths from green to ultraviolet by varying the relative amounts of indium and gallium during production. When electric applied in the forward direction of the device it results in a form of electro luminescence where incoherent and narrow-spectrum light is discharged from the p-n junction in a solid state material.

Advantages

LED technology has taken the world to a whooping stage of development as it is very useful in conservation of energy and pollution. Some of the important advantages of the bulb are -

1. LED lights are more efficient when compared to the conventional bulbs and tube lights. They produce more light per watt against an incandescent bulb and this facet makes it very useful when used in battery powered or energy-saving devices.

2. This technology has the capacity of emitting various colors of light without the use of colors filters that traditional lighting methods require, thus saving initial costs.

3. Due to their small size, they can be easily placed and they also light up very quickly and achieve full brightness in microseconds.

4. These LED light have a better cycling life as compare to incandescent bulbs and also radiate much less heat in the process of switching on and off.

5. They have a better life span around 35,000 to 50,000 hours of useful life and LEDs mostly fail by dimming over time, rather than the abrupt burn-out of incandescent bulbs as in comparison to incandescent lights.

6. These lights are shock resistant and the solid package of the LED can be designed to focus its light. The fact that they are non toxic (do not contain mercury) also favors the application of these bulbs.

Disadvantages

However, withstanding all the advantages, there are certain short comings faced by these LED lights as well. they are listed below -

1. As compared to incandescent bulbs the LEDs are much more expensive and its execution largely depends on the ambient temperature of the operating environment. They require adequate heat sinking in order to make it more durable.

2. These LEDs are also voltage sensitive and one needs to be vigilant as they involve series of resistors or current-regulated power supplies. As they work on the mechanism of area light source, it becomes difficult for them to operate in spherical light field.

3. Of recent it is being observed by the scientists that blue and cool white LEDs emit blue light hazard that is unsafe for eyes. The cool white LED lights should not be used for outdoor lighting near astronomical observatories. Together these lights have certain limitations that are termed as blue pollution.

Applications

LED lights are perhaps the most advanced technology that is taking its tool over the people all over the world. Their application is diverse and hence they can be divided in three distinct categories - Visual signal application where the lights transpires from the bulb to the human eyes directly, Illuminations where LED light is reflected from an object to give visual response and finally, technological approach that does not require the contact with human visual system as in case of light photosynthesis in plants.

Products and Evolution

In the past decade, LED technology has expanded its scope to almost every household in the world. From little red spots that tells one that the wi fi connection is on, to the excellent light source that we see in our rooms just by switching on a plug, applications of LED is ubiquitous. Production quality LEDs are now capable of efficiencies of around 70 lm/W, compared with 12 lm/W for incandescent light bulbs, and single die devices are producing over 100 lm.

Today one can find the implication of these LED lights in many areas. Be it the LCD screen of the computers or the latest version of the mobile phones, be it Ipods or safety and security hardware like LED enabled drainage system or Led micro lights for reading at nights, LED technology is vast and growing by leaps and bounds. The newest trend in the electronic market is the green influence that has not left the LED world bereft. The most recent launches in the LED market are theLight bulbs that can help one save up to 90% of electricity costs plus reduce the heat output and even more than this the bulbs claim to last up to 10 times longer than a standard Light Bulb or compact florescent. Some of the most advanced LED enabled products in the electronic world are -

LED enabled Faucet Lights - Install this in your homes to give a new look to the monotonous water taps. Available in red and blue they are heat sensitive and alarm the user by changing colors, as soon as the water temperature goes above 89 degrees centigrade.

LED Jellyfish Mood Lamps - These are unique desktop tank that plays trick with the eyes by displaying three jellyfish that swim, with the aid of the 6 bright colorful LEDS that are placed at the top of the tank.

Sony's Walkman - Sony, the largest supplier of electronic goods has launched a new Walkman called NWZ-X1000 that features an OLED (Organic light emitting diode) touchscreen.

About the Author

I am a product analyst for b2b industry. My core profile is to understand industry, develop information architecture and plan the product. Developed many B2b verticals. My core interest is research and analyse industry trends, latest updates in market, industry product information. Based on my experience i have studied harwdare product industry and my interest is to share that information and develop network for harwdare industry so that business manufaturers, suppliers, traders can benefit from this resource.

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Reef Light

Oscar — Wed, 16 Jun 2010 00:02:14 +0000

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Reef Light

The Great Barrier Reef

The Great Barrier Reef is one of the greatest natural wonders of the world stretching from the northern tip of Australia to just north of Bunderburg. It's coral reefs stretch over 2000km along the eastern coast.

The reef is a sanctuary for well over 1000 fish varieties, whales, dolphins, dugongs and turtles. Many different types of birdlife can be found here.

The coral which forms the reef itself is also a living thing. When it dies it turns white. Different types of coral grow at varying speeds, while some are quite quick to grow, some take well over a hundred years to fully grow. There colors are by the growth of algae on it.

The reef lives in a tropical climate relying on warm shallow water to survive. Salty water and plenty of light is required to keep the coral healthy.

With hundreds of thousands of square miles of reef it is diving and snorkelling mecca. Access through diving tours are available from the mainland up and down the coast. Even if you don,t swim you can see the marvels of the reef through glass bottom boats.

The reef is heritage listed and vast areas are protected from fishing and removing coral from the reef is prohibited to preserve it for generations to come.

About the Author

Author: Jamie Ritchie, Resort Manager
http://www.aussiebeachvacations.com.au
mail to: jgrich@aussiebeachvacations.com.au

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